#include <ctype.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "gc.h"
#include "builtin.h"

typedef struct reader_state
{
  FILE *file;
  int ch;
  int line;
  int column;
  gc_root_t ref_alist;
  gc_root_t weak_list;
  gc_root_t ref_list;
} reader_state_t;

static value_t read_one_value(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_special(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_list(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_fixnum(reader_state_t *state, int radix);
static value_t read_number(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_string(reader_state_t *state);

static value_t read_box(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_vector(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_struct(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_weak_box(reader_state_t *state);

static value_t read_definition(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t read_placeholder(reader_state_t *state);

static void next_char(reader_state_t *state);
static void skip_whitespace(reader_state_t *state);

static bool    is_placeholder(reader_state_t *state, value_t value);
static value_t get_placeholder(reader_state_t *state, fixnum_t ref);
static void    set_placeholder(reader_state_t *state, value_t place, value_t value);
static void    finalize_placeholders(reader_state_t *state);
static value_t patch_placeholders(reader_state_t *state, value_t v);

static void tree_replace(value_t *in, value_t oldval, value_t newval);

value_t read_value(FILE *f)
{
  reader_state_t state;
  value_t result;

  register_gc_root(&state.ref_alist, NIL);
  register_gc_root(&state.weak_list, NIL);
  register_gc_root(&state.ref_list, NIL);

  state.file = f;
  state.line = 1;
  state.column = 0;
  next_char(&state);
  result = read_one_value(&state);
  ungetc(state.ch, f);

  result = patch_placeholders(&state, result);

  unregister_gc_root(&state.ref_list);
  unregister_gc_root(&state.weak_list);
  unregister_gc_root(&state.ref_alist);

  return result;
}

static value_t read_one_value(reader_state_t *state)
{
  skip_whitespace(state);
  release_assert(state->ch != EOF);

  switch (state->ch)
  {
  case '#':
    return read_special(state);
  case '(':
    return read_list(state);
  case '-':
  case '+':
  case '0' ... '9':
    return read_number(state);
  case '\"':
    return read_string(state);
  default:
    fprintf(stderr, "Unexpected character '%c' in input on line %d, column %d.\n",
        state->ch, state->line, state->column);
    release_assert(NOTREACHED("Unexpected character in input."));
    return UNDEFINED;
  }
}

bool issymbol(int ch)
{
  switch (ch)
  {
  case 'A' ... 'Z':
  case 'a' ... 'z':
  case '0' ... '9':
  case '!': case '$':  case '%':
  case '&': case '*':  case '+':
  case '-': case '/':  case '<':
  case '=': case '>':  case '?':
  case '@': case '\\': case '^':
  case '_': case '|':  case '~':
    return true;
  default:
    return false;
  }
}

static value_t read_special(reader_state_t *state)
{
  next_char(state);
  release_assert(state->ch != EOF);

  switch (state->ch)
  {
  case '!':
    release_assert((state->line == 1) && (state->column == 2));
    do {
      next_char(state);
    } while (state->ch != '\n');
    return read_one_value(state);
  case 'F':
  case 'f':
    next_char(state);
    release_assert(!issymbol(state->ch));
    return FALSE_VALUE;
  case 'T':
  case 't':
    next_char(state);
    release_assert(!issymbol(state->ch));
    return TRUE_VALUE;
  case '&':
    return read_box(state);
  case '(':
    return read_vector(state);
  case 'S':
  case 's':
    next_char(state);
    release_assert(state->ch == '(');
    return read_struct(state);
  case 'W':
  case 'w':
    next_char(state);
    release_assert(state->ch == '&');
    return read_weak_box(state);
  case '0' ... '9':
    return read_definition(state);
  case '=':
    return read_placeholder(state);
  default:
    release_assert(NOTREACHED("Invalid character in special value."));
    return UNDEFINED;
  }
}

static void reverse_list(value_t *list, value_t newcdr)
{
  value_t lst = *list;

  while (is_pair(lst))
  {
    value_t temp = _get_pair(lst)->cdr;
    _get_pair(lst)->cdr = newcdr;
    newcdr = lst;
    lst = temp;
  }

  *list = newcdr;
}

static value_t read_list(reader_state_t *state)
{
  gc_root_t list_root;
  bool done = false;

  register_gc_root(&list_root, NIL);
  next_char(state);

  while (!done)
  {
    skip_whitespace(state);
    release_assert(state->ch != EOF);

    switch (state->ch)
    {
    case '.':
      {
        release_assert(!is_nil(list_root.value));
        next_char(state);
        value_t temp = read_one_value(state);
        reverse_list(&list_root.value, temp);

        skip_whitespace(state);
        release_assert(state->ch == ')');
        next_char(state);

        done = true;
      }
      break;
    case ')':
      {
        reverse_list(&list_root.value, NIL);
        next_char(state);
        done = true;
      }
      break;
    default:
      {
        value_t temp = read_one_value(state);
        list_root.value = cons(temp, list_root.value);
      }
      break;
    }
  }

  unregister_gc_root(&list_root);
  return list_root.value;
}

static short int char_to_digit(int ch)
{
  if (isdigit(ch))
  {
    return ch - '0';
  }
  else
  {
    assert(isalpha(ch));
    return 10 + (toupper(ch) - 'A');
  }
}

static value_t read_fixnum(reader_state_t *state, int radix)
{
  fixnum_t num = 0;
  bool negative = false;

  assert((0 <= radix) && (radix <= 36));

  if (state->ch == '-')
  {
    negative = true;
    next_char(state);
  }
  else if (state->ch == '+')
  {
    next_char(state);
  }

  release_assert(isdigit(state->ch));

  if (radix == 0)
  {
    if (state->ch == '0')
    {
      next_char(state);

      switch (state->ch)
      {
      case 'X':
      case 'x':
        next_char(state);
        radix = 16;
        break;
      case 'B':
      case 'b':
        next_char(state);
        radix = 2;
        break;
      default:
        radix = 8;
        break;
      }

      if (radix != 8)
      {
        /* Make sure we have at least one digit; if octal then the '0' counts instead */
        release_assert(isalnum(state->ch));
        release_assert(char_to_digit(state->ch) < radix);
      }
    }
    else
    {
      radix = 10;
    }
  }

  while (isalnum(state->ch))
  {
    fixnum_t digit = char_to_digit(state->ch);

    if (digit >= radix)
      break;

    release_assert(num <= (FIXNUM_MAX/radix));

    num *= radix;
    num += digit;

    next_char(state);
  }

  if (negative)
    num = -num;

  release_assert((FIXNUM_MIN <= num) && (num <= FIXNUM_MAX));
  return fixnum_value(num);
}

static value_t read_number(reader_state_t *state)
{
  bool negative = false;
  fixnum_t num = 0;
  native_float_t flt;
  int radix;

  if (state->ch == '-')
  {
    negative = true;
    next_char(state);
  }
  else if (state->ch == '+')
  {
    next_char(state);
  }

  release_assert(isdigit(state->ch));

  if (state->ch == '0')
  {
    next_char(state);

    switch (state->ch)
    {
    case 'X':
    case 'x':
      next_char(state);
      radix = 16;
      break;
    case 'B':
    case 'b':
      next_char(state);
      radix = 2;
      break;
    case '0' ... '9':
      ungetc(state->ch, state->file);
      state->ch = '0';
      radix = 8;
      break;
    default:
      ungetc(state->ch, state->file);
      state->ch = '0';
      radix = 10;
      break;
    }

    if (radix != 8)
    {
      /* Make sure we have at least one digit; if octal then the '0' counts instead */
      release_assert(isalnum(state->ch));
      release_assert(char_to_digit(state->ch) < radix);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    radix = 10;
  }

  while (isalnum(state->ch))
  {
    fixnum_t digit = char_to_digit(state->ch);

    if (digit >= radix)
      break;

    release_assert(num <= (FIXNUM_MAX/radix));

    num *= radix;
    num += digit;

    next_char(state);
  }

  if ((radix != 10) || ((state->ch != '.') && (state->ch != 'E') && (state->ch != 'e')))
  {
    if (negative)
      num = -num;
    release_assert(!issymbol(state->ch));
    release_assert((FIXNUM_MIN <= num) && (num <= FIXNUM_MAX));
    return fixnum_value(num);
  }

  /*
   * Floating-point. No guarantees as to precision... really should use binary/hex.
   */

  flt = num;

  if (state->ch == '.')
  {
    next_char(state);

    for (native_float_t pv = negative ? -0.1 : 0.1; isdigit(state->ch); pv /= 10)
    {
      flt += (state->ch - '0') * pv;
      next_char(state);
    }
  }

  if ((state->ch == 'E') || (state->ch == 'e'))
  {
    next_char(state);
    num = read_fixnum(state, 10);
    flt *= pow(10, _get_fixnum(num));
  }

  if (negative)
    flt = -flt;

  release_assert(!issymbol(state->ch));
  return make_float(flt);
}

static value_t read_string(reader_state_t *state)
{
  char *buffer = (char*)malloc(128);
  size_t buffer_size = 128;
  size_t length = 0;
  value_t value;

  release_assert(buffer != NULL);

  next_char(state);

  while (state->ch != '"')
  {
    bool skip_ws = false;
    char ch;

    if ((buffer_size - length) < 1)
    {
      release_assert(buffer_size <= INT32_MAX / 3);
      buffer_size = (3 * buffer_size) / 2;
      buffer = realloc(buffer, buffer_size);
      release_assert(buffer != NULL);
    }

    ch = state->ch;
    next_char(state);

    if (ch == '\\')
    {
      switch (state->ch)
      {
      case 'o':
        next_char(state);
        release_assert(('0' <= state->ch) && (state->ch <= '7'));
        /* fall through */
      case '0' ... '7':
        ch = 0;

        /* One to three octal digits */
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
        {
          ch = 8 * ch + (state->ch - '0');
          next_char(state);
          if ((state->ch < '0') || (state->ch > '7'))
            break;
        }
        break;
      case 'X':
      case 'x':
        ch = 0;

        next_char(state);
        release_assert(isxdigit(state->ch));

        /* One or two hex digits */
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
        {
          int n = isdigit(state->ch)
                  ? (state->ch - '0')
                  : (10 + toupper(state->ch) - 'A');

          ch = 16 * ch + n;
          next_char(state);

          if (!isxdigit(state->ch))
            break;
        }
        break;
      case ' ':
      case '\t':
      case '\v':
      case '\n':
        skip_ws = true;
        break;
      case ';':
        /* Treats everything that follows on the same line as a comment,
         * and additionally skips leading whitespace on the next line. */
        while (state->ch != '\n')
          next_char(state);
        skip_ws = true;
        break;
      case '\\': ch = '\\'; next_char(state); break;
      case '\'': ch = '\''; next_char(state); break;
      case '\"': ch = '\"'; next_char(state); break;
      case 'a':  ch = '\a'; next_char(state); break;
      case 'b':  ch = '\b'; next_char(state); break;
      case 'f':  ch = '\f'; next_char(state); break;
      case 'n':  ch = '\n'; next_char(state); break;
      case 'r':  ch = '\r'; next_char(state); break;
      case 't':  ch = '\t'; next_char(state); break;
      case 'v':  ch = '\v'; next_char(state); break;
      default:
        release_assert(NOTREACHED("Invalid escape sequence in string."));
        ch = '#';
        next_char(state);
        break;
      }
    }

    if (skip_ws)
    {
      bool hit_eol = false;

      /* Slightly different from the normal skip_whitespace(); skips
       * whitespace through the _second_ EOL following the backslash. */
      do {
        if (state->ch == '\n')
        {
          if (!hit_eol)
          {
            hit_eol = true;
          }
          else
          {
            next_char(state);
            break;
          }
        }

        next_char(state);
      } while (isspace(state->ch));
    }
    else
    {
      buffer[length++] = ch;
    }
  }

  next_char(state);

  value = make_byte_string(length, '\0');
  memcpy(_get_byte_string(value)->bytes, buffer, length);
  free(buffer);

  return value;
}

static value_t read_box(reader_state_t *state)
{
  next_char(state);
  return make_box(read_one_value(state));
}

static value_t read_vector(reader_state_t *state)
{
  gc_root_t list_root;
  size_t length = 0;
  value_t value;
  value_t item;

  register_gc_root(&list_root, read_list(state));

  for (value_t item = list_root.value; !is_nil(item); item = CDR(item))
    ++length;

  value = make_vector(length, UNDEFINED);

  item = list_root.value;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i)
  {
    _get_vector(value)->elements[i] = _CAR(item);
    item = _CDR(item);
  }

  unregister_gc_root(&list_root);

  return value;
}

static value_t read_struct(reader_state_t *state)
{
  gc_root_t list_root;
  size_t slots = 0;
  value_t value;
  value_t item;

  register_gc_root(&list_root, read_list(state));

  for (item = CDR(list_root.value); !is_nil(item); item = CDR(item))
    ++slots;

  value = make_struct(_CAR(list_root.value), slots);

  item = _CDR(list_root.value);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < slots; ++i)
  {
    _get_struct(value)->slots[i] = _CAR(item);
    item = _CDR(item);
  }

  unregister_gc_root(&list_root);

  return value;
}

static value_t read_weak_box(reader_state_t *state)
{
  value_t value;

  next_char(state);
  value = read_one_value(state);
  state->weak_list.value = cons(value, state->weak_list.value);
  return make_weak_box(value);
}

static value_t read_definition(reader_state_t *state)
{
  fixnum_t ref = get_fixnum(read_fixnum(state, 0));
  gc_root_t place_root;
  value_t v;

  release_assert(state->ch == '=');
  next_char(state);

  register_gc_root(&place_root, get_placeholder(state, ref));
  v = read_one_value(state);
  set_placeholder(state, place_root.value, v);
  unregister_gc_root(&place_root);

  return v;
}

static value_t read_placeholder(reader_state_t *state)
{
  next_char(state);
  skip_whitespace(state);
  release_assert(state->ch != EOF);

  if (state->ch == '"')
  {
    char *name = value_to_string(read_string(state));
    value_t bi = lookup_builtin(name);
    free(name);
    release_assert(bi != FALSE_VALUE);
    return bi;
  }
  else
  {
    return get_placeholder(state, get_fixnum(read_fixnum(state, 0)));
  }
}

static bool is_placeholder(reader_state_t *state, value_t value)
{
  for (value_t item = state->ref_alist.value; !is_nil(item); item = _CDDR(item))
  {
    if (value == item)
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}

static value_t get_placeholder(reader_state_t *state, fixnum_t ref)
{
  value_t refval = fixnum_value(ref);

  for (value_t item = state->ref_alist.value; !is_nil(item); item = _CDDR(item))
  {
    if (_CAR(item) == refval)
      return item;
  }

  /* No existing placeholder with that number; create a new one. */
  state->ref_alist.value = cons(UNDEFINED, state->ref_alist.value);
  state->ref_alist.value = cons(refval,    state->ref_alist.value);
  return state->ref_alist.value;
}

static void set_placeholder(reader_state_t *state, value_t place, value_t value)
{
  assert(is_placeholder(state, place));
  release_assert(is_undefined(_CADR(place)));
  _CADR(place) = value;
}

static void finalize_placeholders(reader_state_t *state)
{
  bool changed = true;

  /* We're done when no placeholders link to other placeholders. */
  while (changed)
  {
    changed = false;

    /* Resolve one level of placeholder-to-placeholder links.
    * Self-links indicate cycles and are replaced with UNDEFINED. */
    for (value_t item = state->ref_alist.value; !is_nil(item); item = _CDDR(item))
    {
      if (_CADR(item) == item)
      {
        _CADR(item) = UNDEFINED;
        changed = true;
      }
      else if (is_placeholder(state, _CADR(item)))
      {
        _CADR(item) = _CADR(_CADR(item));
        changed = true;
      }
    }
  }
}

static value_t patch_placeholders(reader_state_t *state, value_t v)
{
  finalize_placeholders(state);

  for (value_t item = state->ref_alist.value; !is_nil(item); item = _CDDR(item))
  {
    assert(!is_placeholder(state, _CADR(item)));
    tree_replace(&v, item, _CADR(item));
  }

  return v;
}

typedef struct seen_value
{
  value_t value;
  struct seen_value *prev;
} seen_value_t;

static void _tree_replace(value_t *in, value_t oldval, value_t newval,
                          seen_value_t *seen)
{
  seen_value_t this_seen = { *in, seen };

  for (seen_value_t *item = seen; item; item = item->prev)
  {
    if (*in == item->value)
      return;
  }

  if (*in == oldval)
  {
    *in = newval;
  }
  else if (is_box(*in))
  {
    _tree_replace(&_get_box(*in)->value, oldval, newval, &this_seen);
  }
  else if (is_pair(*in))
  {
    _tree_replace(&_get_pair(*in)->car, oldval, newval, &this_seen);
    _tree_replace(&_get_pair(*in)->cdr, oldval, newval, &this_seen);
  }
  else if (is_vector(*in))
  {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < _get_vector(*in)->size; ++i)
    {
      _tree_replace(&_get_vector(*in)->elements[i], oldval, newval, &this_seen);
    }
  }
  else if (is_struct(*in))
  {
    _tree_replace(&_get_struct(*in)->type, oldval, newval, &this_seen);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < _get_struct(*in)->nslots; ++i)
      _tree_replace(&_get_struct(*in)->slots[i], oldval, newval, &this_seen);
  }
  else if (is_weak_box(*in))
  {
    _tree_replace(&_get_weak_box(*in)->value, oldval, newval, &this_seen);
  }
}

static void tree_replace(value_t *in, value_t oldval, value_t newval)
{
  _tree_replace(in, oldval, newval, NULL);
}

static void next_char(reader_state_t *state)
{
  state->ch = fgetc(state->file);

  if (state->ch == '\n')
  {
    ++state->line;
    state->column = 0;
  }
  else
  {
    ++state->column;
  }
}

static void skip_whitespace(reader_state_t *state)
{
  for (;;)
  {
    if (isspace(state->ch))
    {
      next_char(state);
    }
    else if (state->ch == ';')
    {
      /* Comments count as whitespace */
      do {
        next_char(state);

        if (state->ch == '\n')
        {
          next_char(state);
          break;
        }
      } while (state->ch != EOF);
    }
    else
    {
      break;
    }
  }
}

/* vim:set sw=2 expandtab: */